Intertribal slavery amongst the Indians was universal and transitioned easily with European interest. Back in December of 2015, I published an article refuting the notion that the Olmecsand other pre-Colombian civilizationswere started by Negroid peoples. This finding flatly contradicted the claim of the historian Herodotus that the Egyptians, compared to the Greeks and other European Caucasoids, were for the most part a black-skinned and wooly-haired people. During the 1960s, he worked for several years in Great Britain as a journalist, doing weekly broadcasts to the Caribbean and Africa. Unfortunately, the scholarship that he has inspired has tended to be of a worse quality than Van Sertimas was. Van Sertima answers that Africans were indeed sailors, that a division of Negro sea captains and mariners is reported to have been in the Egyptian navy of the 19th dynasty and the East Africans sailed between their countries and China in the 13th century. Phil Valentine is even more confused. Kenneth L. FedderKenneth L. Feder, a specialist in archaeological pseudoscience, addresses prevalent misconceptions about the settlement of the Americas, discussing how they are stimulated by ethnic pride and religious faith, propagated uncritically in the media, and accepted by students. Hidden Colors also makes the argument that Africans were in the Americas before Columbus. A certain kind of shadow lifts. Their Negro-ness could not be explained away nor, in most cases, their African cultural origin. Sailing, especially such great distances, was not an achievement that was typically attributed to Africans of that time, but it would have been necessary to reach the Americas. One of the most striking pieces of evidence is the negroid statues, statues of peoples with thick lips and wide noses. Columbus actually said in the journal of his second voyage when he was in Haiti, then known as Espanola, Native Americans came to him and told him that Black people had come in large boats from the south and southeast trading in gold-tipped metal spears. If anything, the only thing Van Sertimas book is good for is a good laugh into the delusions of someone with the conclusion in mind, working backward to prove it (meaning, hes using the type of reverse engineering that EPists use). Reportedly, from American historian and linguist Leo Weiner of Harvard Universitys book Africa and the Discovery of America (Ill have to add that one to the list too) in one of Columbuss journals there is an account of a statement by the Native Americans saying that they had encountered black people prior to the arrival of Columbus. It has come to my attention that Van Sertimas (1972) bookThey Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America (TCBC)will soon be used in certain syllabi. Ivan Van Sertima They Came Before Columbus : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. How could Africans, who are not popularly known as seamen, have crossed the 1.500 Atlantic miles to the American continents? ", Van Sertima said he didn't travel much to research the book. You have permission to edit this article. Some believe that Blacks were already in America and have more Native American ancestry than African. One could do worse. In his famous book, They Came Before Columbus, published in 1976, anthropologist-linguist Ivan Van Sertima, a Rutgers professor, claims that African influences can be found in a wide range of cultural similarities between Africa and the ancient Americas. He researched the book at the British Museum, and in libraries at Princeton, London University and Douglas College, and the corresponded with scholars all over the world. Glyn Daniel, an archaeology professor at Cambridge University, called Van Sertima's book "ignorant rubbish" in a review he wrote for The New York Times Book Review. One of the most baffling claims to me is the idea that the slave trade happened inreverseand that Native Americans were shipped to Africa, not the other way around. We need to know about the time when we had empires. But where did Menzies come up with the idea that it was Asians, not Europeans, who first arrived in America from other countries? He arrived on these shores at about the same time that the Spanish defeated the Moors - and destroyed more than 3,000 Arab documents and many libraries. Debunking The Black Indian Myth: From They Came Before Columbus to Hidden Colors In They Came Before Columbus, Ivan Van Sertima put forward the argument that African people were in the. This was all that I could recall being formally taught. Van Sertima never explained why he selected this particular dynasty, but his reasoning for doing so is important because he later altered the date in African Presence in Early America to 948 or circa 1000 B.C. Van Sertima was forced to alter his thesis in light of new evidence which demonstrated that the Olmec civilization was older than was originally believed, which leads me to the next issue. ..and he [Columbus] wanted to find out what the Indians of Hispanola had told him, that there had come to it from the south and southeast Negro people, who brought those spear points made of a metal which they call guanin Raccolta, Parte 1, Vol. So total is the Euro-Americans onslaught on black people that . However, Columbus actually sent back on a mail boat to Spain samples of these gold-tipped metal spears. Not only because of the apparent Asian features of some of the Olmec sculptures, but Xu also attempted to draw a connection between the Olmec script and Chinese characters. They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America originally published in 1976 was written by professor Dr. Ivan Van Sertima. While many found Van Sertimas scholarship flawed, his theory has many supporters. Dwayne is the author of Kingdoms and Civilizations of Africa and several other books on African and African Diaspora history. I saw Dr. Van Sertima lecture at Cornell University in 1979. He was asked to write a magazine piece simplifying and summarizing Weiner. Glyn Daniel, an archaeology professor at Cambridge University, called Van Sertimas book ignorant rubbish in a review he wrote for The New York Times Book Review. Van Sertima accomplishes this through chapters relying heavily on dramatic storytelling. Van Sertima asserts that this idea is false and explains how this belief developed. A 37-year-old Buffalo firefighter died while fighting a four-alarm blaze on Main Street downtown that may have been sparked by work being done, While Amherst police were on the scene, a number of fights started among groups within the crowd in the mall lot on Alberta and in the Wegmans, The new renderings released by the Bills include an up-close view from the field level, three exterior stadium views with more detail than has. They also claim slave ships are a myth. Barbour, the first African-American to earn a. Barbour, who has studied more than a quarter million figurines from Mesoamerican areas cited by Van Sertima, said the depictions even more easily could portray facial types of native Americans, and no convincing evidence supports African influence on Mesoamerican architecture or culture. "While I was doing it," he recalls, "I asked myself why was I studying African writers in English.Why didn't I know an African language? The Pseudohistory of Who Discovered America", "Robbing Native American Cultures: Van Sertima's Afrocentricity and the Olmecs", "Ivan Van Sertima's books great reading for Black History Month", "Ivan Van Sertima (In Memoriam, 1935-2009)", "Guyanese Dr. Ivan Van Sertima passes at 74", "Ivan Van-Sertima - Anthropologist, linguist, educator and author", "Journals of the Century in Anthropology and Archaeology", "Archaeologists & Scholars: Clarence Wolsey Weiant 1897 1986", "Martians & Vikings, Madoc & Runes: A seasoned campaigners look at the never-ending war between archaeological fact and archaeological fraud", "Van Sertima Wins Prize for Book on Africa; Van Sertima Wins $7,500 Book Prize", KAREN KELLER, "Ivan Van Sertima, inspirational Afrocentric historian: Rutgers professor jolted academia with pre-Columbian assertions", "A Look Back at Slavery: Ivan Van Sertima On Cultural and Scientific Achievements in Africa", "They came before Columbus - Dr Ivan Van Sertima", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Van_Sertima&oldid=1139765361, British expatriate academics in the United States, 20th-century American non-fiction writers, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox person with multiple spouses, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 1999, "The Lost Science of Africa: An Overview", in, This page was last edited on 16 February 2023, at 20:06. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. (renews at {{format_dollars}}{{start_price}}{{format_cents}}/month + tax). It was also concluded that it was not likely that these seeds were carried by birds. Some paint themselves white, others red, and others of what color they find. Columbus actually said in the journal of his second voyage when he was in Haiti, then known as Espanola, Native Americans came to him and told him that Black people had come in large boats from the south and southeast trading in gold-tipped metal spears. This view, of course, is seen as highly fringe in the field of anthropology. I don't buy it. Listen to GHOGH with Jamarlin Martin | Episode 74: Jamarlin Martin Jamarlin returns for a new season of the GHOGH podcast to discuss Bitcoin, bubbles, and Biden. The description that Columbus gives certainly is not a description of black people in the Caribbean. Thus, historians of the time removed, ignored, or minimized any evidence of black contributions to ancient Egyptian civilization. How can these accounts be explained away? Critics in anthropology and archaeology have stated that They Came Before Columbus portrays Native Mesoamerican peoples as inferior and incapable of developing highly sophisticated civilizations, cultures, and technologies without the influence of Africans arriving by boat as gods in their eyes, as Van Sertima puts it. In this book, Ivan Van Sertima explores his theory that Africans made landfall and had significant influence on the native peoples of Mesoamerica, primarily the Olmec civilization. Columbus is not just a man, he is a symbol. Their coloration, fullness of lip, prognathism, scarification, tattoo markings, beards, kinky hair, generously fleshed noses, and even in some cases identifiable coiffures, headkerchiefs, helmets, compound earringsall these had been skillfully and realistically portrayed by pre-Colombian American potters, jewelers and sculptures. They never did import Africans as slaves because slave ships aren't real. 1. Oral traditions of Native Americans, according to reported Mexican authority, Nicholas Leon, include the belief that the oldest inhabitants of Mexico were Negroes among other stories. "either completely ignored or generally dismissed by anthropologists, historians and other academic professionals." Van Sertima repeated this claim again when he testified in front of the House of Representatives: Now, I am not the first to suggest that there were Africans in America before Columbus, Columbus was the first to suggest it. I want to make a point of clarification here. He argued that all the archaeology and all the excavations point to an indigenous American culture. Most average 5-year olds with decent critical thinking ability can spot the cracks in the theory. Van Sertima states that even the Greek historian Herodotus had an account of black Egyptian people. Recently, I've been handed a book called "They Came before Columbus" by Ivan Sertima, which asserts that Africans had discovered and traded with the native people of the Americas long before Columbus arrived. None of that evidence is conclusive or even particularly convincing, countered anthropologist Warren T.D. I am of what you would call, recent African ancestry. I also work with many foreign-born Chinese people. What did we do? Van Sertima also argued it was Columbus himself who suggested that Africans were in the Americas before he was. Ivan Van Sertima is a fringe Afrocentric theorist (they all are), who argued that there was an African presence in America, long before Colombus set shore in the Bahamas in 1492. According to Dr. Van Sertima, whose book "They Came Before Columbus" (Random House, 1976) suggests Africans were in the New World before Columbus's journeys, the mainstream of academia. Van Sertima was convinced there was a connection between ancient Africa and the Americas. There are similarities between the Mandingo god the Dasiri of the Bambara and the god Quetzalcoatl of the Olmecs. 'Before Columbus': Roots of a Dispute - The Washington Post By Hollie I. This video is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Ivan Van Sertima who made is transition on May 25th, 2009. Review of They Came Before Columbus by Dr. Ivan Van Sertima, Their Eyes were upon me: Learning of Nephilim, They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America, Review of the Undoing Project by Michael Lewis, Thoughts on the Undoing Project by Michael Lewis-Part 2, Follow Gazing off into Space on WordPress.com. It could be dark, bronze people from South America. Many of the cultural pieces of evidence also provide intriguing support to Van Sertimas thesis, though many may legitimately be debated as coincidences or artefacts resulting simply from commonalities in how the human brain interprets the world. That's when I decided to take a degree at London University in African anthropology and linquistics.". pic.twitter.com/GRHEgWZkZb. [15] This is one of many examples of Van Sertima's theories that Mesoamerican mythologies are based on Pre-Columbian African contact theories. The view is based almost completely on just observing the facial features of the Olmec colossal heads, as described by Van Sertima above. ( Van Sertima, 1972: xiv; They Came Before Colombus) Ivan Van Sertima is a fringe Afrocentric theorist (they all are), who argued that there was an African presence in America, long before Colombus set shore in the Bahamas in 1492. The researchers wrote a systematic rebuttal of Van Sertima's claims, stating that Van Sertima's "proposal was without foundation" in claiming African diffusion as responsible for prehistoric Olmec culture (in present-day Mexico). Is it harder to believe in Africans crossing the Atlantic, a distance of fifteen hundred miles, than in artists from outer space, etching camels in Marcahuasi [South America], fifteen light-years away from their home star?. He devotes Chapter 8 to discussing the beneficial innovations and flourishing of culture under Nubian rulers in Egypt. In 1997 academics in a Journal of Current Anthropology article criticised in detail many elements of They Came Before Columbus (1976). There is far more to Black history than the slave trade alright. They are familiar with American history, right? If I didnt look for it myself I was probably wasnt going to learn much more. Im pretty sure I had taken a World History course before. On the day he submitted his piece, he learned about Alexander von Wuthenau, and art historian who had excavated a large number of Negroid heads in clay, gold, copper and copal sculpted by pre-Columbian American artists. He said, "You cannot really conceive of how insulting it is to Native Americans to be told they were 'discovered'."[14]. Of course I was taken aback by the bold claim. This book is dense with presented evidence and deserves serious study. I'm trying to follow all the rules but forgive me if this is a bit vague. "They couldn't be slave blacks," he said. After being told that he couldn't do a series on African writers because there was no African literature. Your email address will not be published. However, Afrocentrists then make the claim that the natives of Mesoamerica regarded them as gods, and so they sculpted these statues in order to honor them (sounds like Ancient Aliens, to me). Van Sertima makes this claim at the very beginning of the video below. This article will refute Van Sertimas claim that the Olmec heads were of Negroid originor were sculpted to show the appearance of Negroidsand his other claim that Mali seafarers reached the Americans some 200-odd years before Colombus. Additionally, they wrote that Van Sertima "diminishe[d] the real achievements of Native American culture" by his claims of African origin for them. Daniel's review provoked a barrage of letters - from scholars and laypersons - defending Van Sertima. Keep supporting great journalism by turning off your ad blocker. However, Columbus actually sent back on a mail boat to Spain, samples of these gold-tipped metal spears. The Olmec associated volcanic rocks and the like with symbolic importance, and so, they carved their sculptures out of them due to this. [3][n 1], Van Sertima was born in Kitty Village, near Georgetown, in what was then the colony of British Guiana (present-day Guyana); he retained his British citizenship throughout his life. 6 Pages. [23] Sertima was inducted into the "Rutgers African-American Alumni Hall of Fame" in 2004. One of the most baffling claims to me is the idea that the slave trade happened in reverse and that Native Americans were shipped to Africa, not the other way around. Van Sertima does not say, but he jumps the conclusion that the spears that were sent to Spain were African spears without providing a basis for why he believes so. [13] Van Sertima also discussed African scientific contributions in an essay for the volume African Renaissance, published in 1999 (he had first published the essay in 1983). [15], A chapter is also devoted to the presence of bottle gourds originally from Africa found in ancient Mesoamerican graves. The slave ship narrative is a myth. It sounds like someone chose to record himself reading the book and decided to upload the files to YouTube. I have, 2600 words What do normativity and intentionality mean? "A landmark . Wow, so you (your black ancestors) got there before the Indians and the Europeans? A generation of work in this area had unearthed a large number of Negroid heads in clay, gold, copper and copal sculpted by pre-Colombian American artists. Never seen a more deluded person. "I nver expected any money," he explains. As somebody who strongly believes that history is dominated by the "Western" narrative, I find myself drawn to believe Sertima. Upon casual reading, it does at least make one take its thesis seriously. The g-spot has been referred to as the female prostate (Puppo, 2014) and, 2550 words Steatopygia is an extreme accumulatation of large amounts of fat on the buttocks, and is also known as obesity in the coccyx (Wallner, 2400 words In the year 2000, psychologist Erik Turkheimer proposed three laws of behavioral genetics (LoBG hereafter): First Law. Ivan Van Sertima's They Came Before Columbus is the first monographic treatment of this problem since Leo Wiener's Africa and the Discovery ofAmerica (3 vols., Philadelphia, 1920-1922), although M. D. W. Jeffreys has littered the intervening fifty years with articles on various aspects of it, often drawing heated responses Apparently she had read the the book They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America (Journal of African Civilizations) by Ivan Van Sertima and was buying what he was selling. The Eurocentric view of history is being debunked by anthropologic research. Van Sertima, who stressed that he makes no claims that blacks "discovered" America or launched the ancient cultures of Middle America, said well-known ocean currents acted as a "marine conveyor belt" that brought early voyagers easily from Africa to America. Van Sertima, 42, here Saturday for the concluding day of the third annual black writers conference sponsored by Howard University, said the pervious to original thought, who will letters exposed Daniel as "a man imnot even do honest battle with ideas he contends but tries to drown out in a sea of vituperation and abuse.". And numerous Negroid portraits and masks were found with them. Genome-wide ancestry estimates of African Americans show average proportions of73.2% African, 24.0% European, and 0.8% Native American ancestry, according to The Genetic Ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans across the United States study published by U.S. National Library of MedicineNational Institutes of Health. Sometimes the conversation will somehow, turn into a history lesson about China. So, Van Sertima became convinced due to the writings of linguists and anthropologists, that there was an ancient, as-of-yet-looked-into connection between ancient Africa and Mesoamerica. Van Sertima tells of the emergence of the Mali kingdom and its seafaring ventures, thus providing evidence for sailing capabilities of West Africans. What country did your, say, grandfather or great-grandfather or whatever come from?. Mansa Musa took the throne after the previous ruler, Abu Bakr II, went on an expedition to sail the Atlantic Ocean. I really have no idea. (Van Sertima, 1972: xiv; They Came Before Colombus). He employs a number of tactics commonly used by pseudoscientists (Cole 1980; Radner and Radner 1982: 27-52; Ortiz de Montellano 1995; Williams 1988), including an almost exclusive use of outdated secondary sources and a reliance on the pseudoscientific writing of others. Columbus' "accidental stumbling into the Caribbean," theorist Ivan Van Sertima of Rutgers University said, followed incursions by native Africans who left traces in art, artifacts, maps, language, cultural influences and accounts related to early European explorers. pic.twitter.com/sKrVa4a2JQ, I figured you say something like that.Are these people mixed with "native American" or are they just Black indigenous indians? Keep reading with unlimited digital access. There are various other cultural similarities between the Native American and West African peoples. [13] This was a record of the conference held in Johannesburg, South Africa, in September 1998 on the theme of the African Renaissance. All parties remained peaceful, and Columbus specifically instructed his crews not to take advantage of the Indians. Van Sertima said: "Many people feel a certain kind of happiness when they read my book. Though these features may be common among black people of African Ancestry, one cannot exclude that these features also exist to some degree in Native Americans. I am not suggesting that no African people were in the Americas before Columbus. Mansa Musa never sailed to America. Get up-to-the-minute news sent straight to your device. Van Sertima's work on Olmec civilization has been criticised by Mesoamerican academics,[17] who describe his claims to be ill-founded and false. There is also a vast body of knowledge to be uncovered about Africa and America. He was a . In the documentary he says that Mansa Musa is the same person as Montezuma. Zinn perpetuates Koning's smears. The Olmec heads, quite obviously, represent the peoples living in lowland Mexiconot Nubians who supposedly sailed across the Atlantic and made contact with pre-Colombian civilizations (Viera, de Montellano, and Barbour, 1997). [5] They further noted that in the 1980s, Van Sertima had changed his timeline of African influence, suggesting that Africans made their way to the New World in the 10th century B.C., to account for more recent independent scholarship in the dating of Olmec culture. Furthermore, Van Sertima, quite wildly, claims that since the Olmec heads were black then they must have represented African people. Black settlements developed at the end points of major currents from Africa, he contended. [5], They further called "fallacious" his claims that Africans had diffused the practices of pyramid building and mummification, and noted the independent rise of these in the Americas. The Book Review received about 70 letters, the most reader reaction it's had on an issue since the reviewer attacked Robert Frost several yeas ago. What is the view of historians in general? brilliantly [demonstrates] has that there is far more to black history than the slave trade."John A. Williams They Came Before Columbus reveals a compelling, dramatic, and superbly detailed documentation of the presence and legacy of Africans in ancient America.Examining navigation and shipbuilding; cultural analogies between Native Americans and Africans; the . 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