Towards the beginning of the movie, Tony says Riff, did you ever stop to figure how many bubbles there are in one bottle of soda pop? This analogy persists throughout the rest of the show. On the Town. Robert was a 2017-2018 Dance Division Research Fellow focusing on Jerome Robbins and specifically, Dances at a Gathering.. United States. Jerome Robbins (born Jerome Wilson Rabinowitz; October 11, 1918 July 29, 1998) was an American dancer, choreographer, film director, theatre director and producer who worked in classical ballet, on stage, film, and television. In Cool, we hear the Conflict/Hate motif that symbolizes the tension between the two gangs. Robbins, Jerome. By the end of Cool, all of the dancers are breathing heavily, shoulders heaving up and down. He was a director of musicals, plays, movies, and television programs. His parents were Russian Jewish immigrants who had many connections in show business including vaudeville performers and theatre owners. [1][2], Robbins was born Jerome Wilson Rabinowitz in the Jewish Maternity Hospital at 270 East Broadway on Manhattan's Lower East Side a neighborhood populated by many immigrants. In making Fancy Free, for example, he had absorbed Paul Cadmus raunchy paintings of sailors and their girlfriendspaintings with such names as Follow the Fleet and Shore Leave. Robbins then imposed impossibly slow tempos upon the pianist to fit the movements of his dancers, thereby deforming the musical score. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. For example, in the dance section after the iconic snapping while running, the dancers do a double pirouette without any preparation, forcing the dancer to propel themselves with as much energy as possible. | (The original musical was successfully revived on Broadway in 1980.) He joined the company of Senya Gluck Sandor, a leading exponent of expressionistic modern dance; it was Sandor who recommended that he change his name to Robbins. He performed in it when it was presented at the Metropolitan Opera as part of the Ballet Theatres 1944 season. The art of creative self-expression. The musical helped turn lead Barbra Streisand into a superstar. (As a side note, in the stage musical, Cool is sung by Riff and is performed right after America, Ice is named Diesel, and Action takes over leadership of the Jets instead of Ice.) But watching the hour-long ballet, you sense daylight, the outdoors, and friends celebrating together to the array of Chopin mazurkas, etudes, and waltzes. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of these choreographers took Ballet-trained dancers and merged them with vaudeville styles to help create what would later be known as theatrical dance, or Jazz Dance?, Who choreographed "Oklahoma!"?, What piece influenced Micheal Jackson's music video, "Smooth Criminal"? Among his outstanding works were The Guests (1949), Age of Anxiety (1951), The Cage (1951), The Pied Piper (1951), Afternoon of a Faun (1953), Fanfare (1953), and The Concert (1956), the latter the most hilarious of all ballets. To improve your experience on our site and ensure your security, please upgrade to a modern browser such as Chrome, Firefox, Safari, or Edge. To be, unmistakably, itself. At the same time, Robbins wanted movement to seem informal and spontaneous, claiming classical steps should appear as easy as breathing. He was simultaneously creating ballets for the New York City Ballet, which he joined in 1949 as Associate Artistic Director with George Balanchine. A lively vignette about three sailors on shore leave who compete to pick up a girl, Fancy Free was unlike anything the company had previously performed. To promote authenticity, Robbins kept the cast members for the Jets and the Sharks separated from each other during rehearsals and continuously posted news stories about gang violence on the bulletin board backstage. The audience gasped as the curtain went up on a pitch-black backdrop awash in glinting stars. He was a director of musicals, plays, movies, and television programs. In this book you'll learn about: Tony Robbins' simple rules for success - the 10 core concepts that we all need to understand in order to achieve real success, lasting happiness and take our life to the next level. Two years later, in creating Afternoon of a Faun, he set his imprint on Claude Dbussys Prelude laprs midi dun faun, which accompanied Vaslav Nijinskys 1912 work for Serge Diaghilevs Ballets Russes. West Side Story also broke the rules in a thematic way. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. He famously attributed his decision to join the New York City Ballet and work under Balanchine to his enchantment with her unique style of . Robbins was not in the military, but at twenty-six he was about their age and must have identified strongly with them. Sondheim wrote and Robbins staged an entirely new opening number, "Comedy Tonight", which explained to the audience what was to follow, and the show played successfully from then on. Match the choreographer/performer with her/his piece. Born Jerome Rabinowitz in 1918, he grew up in New Jersey and studied a range of dance styles including ballet, modern, Spanish, oriental and interpretive. Bio: Jerome Robbins is world renowned for his work as a choreographer of ballets as well as his work as a director and . In 1964, he took on a floundering Funny Girl and devised a show that ran 1348 performances. Which are trademarks of jerome robbins style. Many of his later ballets are more classical in style and more abstract in subject matter than his earlier works. By We've seen the abject (Mariinsky star Diana Vishneva's solo show at the Coliseum) and the magnetic (Alessandra Ferri mournfully channelling Virginia Woolf at the Royal Ballet). Among his numerous stage productions were On the Town, Peter Pan, High Button Shoes, The King and I, The Pajama Game, Bells Are Ringing, West Side Story, Gypsy, and Fiddler on the Roof. You cant watch Cool without feeling something. He never lost the desire to show communities onstage. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of these choreographers took Ballet-trained dancers and merged them with vaudeville styles to help create what would later be known as theatrical dance, or Jazz Dance?, Who choreographed "Oklahoma!"?, What piece influenced Micheal Jackson's music video, "Smooth Criminal"? After about 45 days of shooting, he was fired when the production was considered 24 days behind schedule. It was a simple pitch to show off Jerome Robbins' choreography and Fancy Free, a quintessential narrative ballet was born. Revise each sentence to correct the error(s). In 1937 Robbins made the first of many appearances as a dancer at Camp Tamiment, a resort in the Poconos known for its weekly Broadway-style revues; and he began dancing in the choruses of Broadway shows, including Great Lady and Keep Off the Grass, both choreographed by George Balanchine. The book and lyrics were written by a team that Robbins would work with again, Betty Comden and Adolph Green, and the director was the Broadway legend George Abbott. During the Second World War, in the summer of 1944, three American sailors on 24-hour shore leave enjoy a drink and wander the streets of New York in search of female company. The 2023-2024 season at the famed New York venue will also feature an evening with Tony winners Sutton Foster and Kelli O'Hara. Corrections? His first musical, On the Town, (1945), was followed by Billion Dollar Baby (1946), High Button Shoes (1947), Look, Ma, I'm Dancing (which he co-directed with George Abbott in 1948), Miss Liberty (1949), Call Me Madame (1950), and the ballet "Small House of Uncle Thomas" in The King and I (1951). During this period, Robbins created Fancy Free, a ballet with a screwball-comedy plot about sailors on leave that combined classical ballet with 1940s social dancing. About Us | Privacy Policy | Cookie Policy | Terms of use | Sitemap | Contact. I am thinking my next short dance history lesson should be a female choreographer. The son of Russian-Jewish immigrants, Rabinowitz studied chemistry for one year at New York University before embarking on a career as a dancer in 1936. However, when he returned to the New York City Ballet as a ballet master in 1969, he was hungry to make only ballets, and for almost all of those that he choreographed between Dances at a Gathering and his last ballet, Brandenburg (1997), music became his principal generating source, as it was Balanchines. His career as a gifted ballet dancer developed with Ballet Theatre where he danced with special distinction the role of Petrouchka, and character roles in the works of Fokine, Tudor, Massine, Lichine and de Mille, and of course his first choreographic sensation: Fancy Free (1944). News, analysis and comment from the Financial Times, the worlds leading global business publication Web. In 1988 he took a leave of absence to stage Jerome Robbins' Broadway, which opened in 1989 to resounding critical and popular acclaim, and in 1990 he resigned from the position of Ballet Master in Chief which he shared with Peter Martins to pursue other projects.A partial list of his 54 creations includes: Dances at a Gathering (1969); The Goldberg Variations (1971); Watermill (1972); Requiem Canticles (1972); The Dybbuk Variations (1974); In G Major (1975); Mother Goose (1975); The Four Seasons (1979); Opus 19: The Dreamer (1979); Piano Pieces (1981); Gershwin Concerto (1982); Glass Pieces (1983); I'm Old Fashioned (1983); Antique Epigraphs (1984); Brahms/Handel (with Twyla Tharp, 1984); In Memory Of (1985); Quiet City (1986); Piccolo Balletto (1986); Ives, Songs (1988); 2 & 3 Part Inventions (1994), and West Side Story Suite (1995). Robbins was still tinkering with it as late as two weeks before "Fiddler" opened on Broadway on Sept. 22, 1964. Vaill (Somewhere: The Life of Jerome Robbins) allows Robbins's words (and, occasionally, drawings) to speak for themselves in this curated collection, selected primarily from Robbins's personal papers, archived at the New York Public Library. There's been a clutch of middle-aged danseuses taking leave of life in one way or another recently. Robbins created many important ballets for NYCB, some of the earliest being The Cage (1951), Afternoon of a Faun (1953), and The Concert (1956). In his own words, I dont have a school of dance as much as an approach to theater and presence on the stage and what it is I want to evoke on stage and in the audienceSaying in movement which evokes a whole atmosphere, life and relationship, which cannot be said in words but which is understood through movement and gesture by the audience. He constantly strove to keep his movement fresh and covered a wide range of subjects, his style evolving to fit each decade. In the early 1920s, the Rabinowitz family moved to Weehawken, New Jersey. He then performed the same tasks for Gypsy (1959) and Fiddler on the Roof (1964). Glossy black-and-white publicity full-face photograph of Robbins in a white dinner jacket, seated, hands clasped around his knee, 10 in x 8 in, signed and inscribed by legendary ballet master, Broadway choreographer and film director Jerome Robbins 1918 - 1998. You will only get an email when a new one is posted. production of Cabaret as part of our 2016-2017 KeyBank Broadway at the . Instead, Edward Villella stood alone onstage, his back to the audience, and began to dance almost tentatively to the Chopin piano piece being played. He continued working on Broadway, as well as, staging dances for Irving Berlin's Call Me Madam, starring Ethel Merman, Rodgers and Hammerstein's The King and I, in which he created the celebrated "Small House of Uncle Thomas" ballet in addition to other dances, and the revue Two's Company, starring Bette Davis. The results were graceful, stately, and dignified, and won critical praise. Maybe Twyla Tharp since her autobiography is in my to-read pile? Jerome Robbins, orig. Jerome Robbins was a perfectionist and a demanding taskmaster. Os contributos das vanguardas artsticas para a construo de uma literacia flmica, essencialmente europeia, mas tambm para as suas apropriaes universais como exerccios de preservao colectiva das memrias culturais, apresentam-se como factores primordiais de enriquecimento cognitivo, seja do ponto de vista da formao cultural, artstica e meditica, seja mesmo do ponto . | His numerous awards and academic honors included the Handel Medallion of the City of New York (1976), the Kennedy Center Honors (1981), three Honorary Doctorates, an honorary membership in the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters (1985) and in 1988 he was awarded the National Medal of the Arts. What are the stylistic features of jazz dance? A documentary about Robbins's life and work, Something to Dance About, featuring excerpts from his journals, archival performance and rehearsal footage, and interviews with Robbins and his colleagues, premiered on PBS in 2009 and won both an Emmy and a Peabody Award the same year. In the movie version, Cool is performed after the leaders of the Jets and the Sharks are both killed. Updates? His work is characterized by the intensity and compactness of its expression and its wide variety of mood whether it be rhapsodic, introspective, poignant, or hilarious. He took over the direction of two troubled productions during this period and helped turn them into successes. February 24, 2023. This motif is based on the sound of a shofar, a traditional Jewish horn closely linked to the idea of sin and atonement. In the midwinter of 1976, Jerome Robbins was taking stock. Robbins was first known for his skillful use of contemporary American themes in ballets and Broadway and Hollywood musicals. [8] He also enlisted Oliver Smith as set designer. New York City Ballet and the block letter logo are registered trademarks of New York City Ballet, Inc. A look at Jerome Robbins' extraordinary body of work, bridging Broadway and ballet like no other choreographer before or since. Robert Greskovic highlights the 49th anniversary of the premiere of the ballet Dances at a Gathering, and the intricate details of its construction which lend to its timelessness. In contrast, when the three women begin their section they glide forward effortlessly. Stenn and Kirmser have also compiled narratives from some of the industry's most critically acclaimed performers to give you a glimpse into the life of a professional dancer. Jerome Robbins was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame in 1979. His Broadway career is well represented by West Side Story (1957), a musical that transplants the tragic story of Romeo and Juliet to the gritty milieu of rival street gangs in New York City. Jerome Robbins fully integrated all of the elements of musical theater including music, lyrics, book, and dance to produce something entirely unique. He also paved the way for a new era of choreographer-directors, including Bob Fosse. In 1960, Robbins co-directed, with Robert Wise, the film adaptation of West Side Story. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. He was noted for his performances in Balanchine's 1929 "The Prodigal Son" (revived expressly for him), Til Eulenspiegel, and (with Tanaquil LeClercq) Bouree Fantasque, as well as for his own ballets, such as Age of Anxiety, The Cage, Afternoon of a Faun, and The Concert, in all of which LeClercq played leading roles. NEW YORK (AP) Choreographer Wayne Cilento faced an uphill task leading the new Broadway revival of Bob Fosse's revue "Dancin'" no video had been made of the original show, there was no script to study and none of the steps had been recorded. Of these meetings, he later claimed to have no memory. It was only a 3 rd-place ribbon, but I had never even placed before. Jerome Robbins (born Jerome Wilson Rabinowitz; October 11, 1918 - July 29, 1998) was an American dancer, choreographer, film director, theatre director and producer who worked in classical ballet, on stage, film, and television.. Robbins had told him to feel as if he were revisiting a place he had once known well and experiencing it both as it was now and as it had been. Later that year, Robbins conceived and choreographed On the Town (1944), a musical partly inspired by Fancy Free, which effectively launched his Broadway career. Each of the following sentences contains at least one error in the use of numbers. In 1940, Robbins joined Ballet Theatre (later known as American Ballet Theatre). He came down hard on artificiality and dancers who played to the audience. to transfigure\mathbf{transfigure}transfigure into angels. The prizes should "lean toward the arts of dance" The first two Jerome Robbins Awards were bestowed in 2003 to New York City Ballet and to lighting designer Jennifer Tipton.[21]. The latter led to his creating the anthology show Jerome Robbins' Broadway in 1989 which recreated the most successful production numbers from his 50-plus year career. Photo by John Nollendorfs. That same year, Robbins won Tony Awards for his direction and choreography in Fiddler on the Roof (1964). He listened to recordings intently, over and over, and let them ignite images of a ballets atmosphere and those who peopled it. In all, he was awarded with five Tony Awards, two Academy Awards (including the special Academy Honorary Award), the Kennedy Center Honors (1981), the National Medal of Arts (1988), the French Legion of Honor, and an Honorary Membership in the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters. He also performed uncredited show doctoring on the musicals A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (1951), Wish You Were Here (1952), Wonderful Town (1953), and choreographed and directed several sketches for The Ford 50th Anniversary Show, starring Mary Martin and Ethel Merman on CBS.[11]. Which of These Descriptions Apply to Fosse's Choreography? Over the first half of his career, Robbins attacked each new idea as something to be researchedreading, listening to music, viewing art works. In the 1940s, their name was legally changed to Robbins. about "Which are trademarks of jerome robbins style". Backstage and atmospheric photography by Gabriela Celeste or Erin Baiano. Award-winning costume designer SUSAN HILFERTY and legendary scenic designer JOHN LEE BEATTY are among the 25th Anniversary TDF/Irene Sharaff Award rec Hemiolas amp up the energy and tension of the show. If a plot was involved, he might want a dancer to know what his/her character had eaten for dinner the night before. His work will continue to exist and delight us. Christopher Browner Most importantly, he brought joy, emotional involvement and humorous pleasure to millions of people, not only in the United States, but throughout the entire world. Education photography by Rosalie O'Connor and event photography by Patricia Burmicky or John Calabrese, unless otherwise noted. February 28, 2023, By Because book, music, and dance were envisioned as an organic whole, the cast, in a Broadway first, had to be equally skilled as actors, singers, and dancers. In 1944 Robbins choreographed his first, spectacularly successful ballet, Fancy Free, with a musical score by the young composer Leonard Bernstein. [4] He had an older sister, Sonia (1912-2004).[5][6][7]. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Robbins re-teamed with Sondheim and Laurents, and the music was by Jule Styne. (Robbins, who had been on the brink of marrying Kaye, had evidently decided against it.). Jerome Robbins, the brilliant and bravura creator of pioneering American ballets and Broadway hits, died Wednesday in his Manhattan, N.Y., home. In 1964, he took on a floundering Funny Girl and devised a show that ran 1348 performances. The plot, about Jews living in Russia near the beginning of the 20th century, allowed Robbins to return to his religious roots. While he was forging a career on Broadway, Robbins continued to work in ballet, creating a string of inventive and stylistically diverse ballets, including Interplay, which was set to a score by Morton Gould, and Facsimile, which was set to music by Leonard Bernstein and was banned in Boston [CK]. Jerome Robbins during a rehearsal in 1965 Getty Images Even Bernstein, who wrote the music for that show, came in for a pounding, at least psychologically, when Robbins crossed out some of his . On Balanchine's death in 1983, Robbins was appointed artistic director (alongside Peter Martins). Robbins' acute observation and his mastery of ballet informed the style of each leap and gesture in West Side Story. Robbins became ballet master of the New York City Ballet in 1972 and worked almost exclusively in classical dance throughout the next decade, pausing only to stage revivals of West Side Story (1980) and Fiddler on the Roof (1981). The production, with book by Burt Shevelove and Larry Gelbart, and score by Stephen Sondheim, was not working. In the same year, he also directed the opera The Tender Land by Aaron Copland. Jerome Robbins, born Jerome Rabinowitz, was the son of working class Russian-Jewish immigrants. My previous job was package designer I held this position for 13 years, I love talking about crossword puzzles and photoshop. [10] In 1948 he added another credit to his resume, becoming co-director as well as choreographer for Look Ma, I'm Dancin'! In 1956 Robbins's muse, Tanaquil LeClercq, contracted polio and was paralyzed; for the next decade Robbins largely withdrew from his activities at New York City Ballet, but he established his own small dance company, Ballets USA, which premiered at the inaugural season of Gian Carlo Menotti's Festival of the Two Worlds in Spoleto, Italy in June 1958, toured Europe and the US under the auspices of the State Department, and appeared on television on The Ed Sullivan Show. [13] Robbins named the names of persons he said were Communists, including actors Lloyd Gough and Elliot Sullivan, dance critic Edna Ocko, filmmaker Lionel Berman, playwright Jerome Chodorov, his brother Edward Chodorov, Madeline Lee Gilford and her husband Jack Gilford, who were blacklisted for their perceived political beliefs and had their careers suffer noticeably, to the point Gilford and his wife often had to borrow money from friends to make ends meet. He won acclaim for highly innovative ballets structured within the traditional framework of classical dance movements. To help the young cast grow into their roles, Robbins did not allow those playing members of opposite gangs (Jets and Sharks) to mix during the rehearsal process. Robbins said in an interview with The Christian Science Monitor: "After seeing Fleet's In, which I inwardly rejected though it gave me the idea of doing the ballet, I watched sailors, and girls, too, all over town." February 28, 2023, By Call it The Robbins Effect. Robbins, who would have celebrated his 100th birthday in 2018, established a new set of rules with West Side Story, rules that creators of musical theatre continue to follow to this day, whether they realize it or not. Text. The audience becomes the mirror into which they gaze, appraising everything they do. . Movement and Theme Analysis. After graduation he went to study chemistry at New York University (NYU) but dropped out after a year for financial reasons, and to pursue dance full-time. After . Street gangs and gang warfare -- a very present reality in New York City at the time the show's creators envisioned it -- were rough, suggestive, crude, violent, and possessed of a distinctive swagger. The musical opened on Broadway in 1947 (running for . Robbins suffered a stroke in July 1998, two months after the premiere of his re-staging of Les Noces. He won acclaim for highly innovative ballets structured within the traditional framework of classical dance movements. Photograph by James J. Kriegsman, N.Y. Which dancer was known for making dance "masculine"? Cool exemplifies many qualities that make a piece a "Jerome Robbins" piece: a fluid mix of musical theater and ballet styles, a focus on relationships and raw emotion, and the sheer American-ness of it. The following boldfaced words are critical to your understanding of The Pilgrim's Progress. [9] Two years later, Robbins received plaudits for his humorous Mack Sennett ballet, High Button Shoes (1947), and won his first Tony Award for choreography. In 1948 Robbins joined the newly founded New York City Ballet (NYCB) as both dancer and choreographer, and the following year he became its associate artistic director under George Balanchine. By 1946, they were lovers. A conceited person with no talent may still think that he or she is the _ _ _ par _ _ _. New York City Ballet was not unfamiliar to him; he had performed in the company and made ballets for it during the late 1940s and early 1950s, juggling that job and stints choreographing musicals. For American Ballet Theatre's twenty-fifth anniversary (1965), he staged Stravinsky's dance cantata, Les Noces, a work of shattering and immense impact. Although he gave this testimony only after years of pressure, and threats to make public his sexual orientation, his naming names caused resentment among some of his artistic colleagues, including blacklisted actors Jack Gilford[17] and Zero Mostel, who, while working on Fiddler on the Roof "openly disdained Robbins". At last, obsessed by something he'd seen done by a Brooklyn Hasid he'd . [14] Because he cooperated with HUAC, Robbins's career did not visibly suffer and he was not blacklisted.[15]. . Who was the choreographer of the original West Side Story? Export: Opus Jazz (1958), Moves (1959), and Events (1961). Export: Opus Jazz and Moves. Cool utilizes breath work as the Jets try to calm themselves down, even making a shhhhhh sound like a fizzing soda bottle. Fortunately, Cilento had a secret weapon: Much of it was in his body. Its nearly impossible to capture Robbins style in a quick summary. Signed, inscribed, and dated. His work continued with Two's Company (1952), Pajama Game (again co-directed with Mr. Abbott in 1954), and Peter Pan (1954), which he directed and choreographed. It revealed ideas that were to shape Robbins' work, both in ballet and on Broadway. William Berger, Jerome Wilson Rabinowitz (Robbins) was born on October 11, 1918, in New York City to Harry Rabinowitz and Lena Rips. His work is characterized by the intensity and compactness of its expression and its wide variety of mood whether it be rhapsodic, introspective, poignant, or hilarious. Robbins studied the medium technically, not passively in his role as audience, and gave much thought to its capacity and its limitations as . Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). In the 1950s, the old separations between acting, song and dance in musical theatre faded, and were replaced by a greater fluidity in the staging and structure of musicals. No choreographer has so epitomized the American scene, or been so prolific in his expenditure of his creative energy. Masters at Work: Balanchine & Robbins III, Art Series 2018: Jihan Zencirli / GERONIMO, Artistic Directors' Coalition for Ballet in America. Robbins attended New York University in 1935, intending to study either chemistry or journalism . Three-time Tony Award-winning scenic designer ROBIN WAGNER and esteemed costume designer LEWIS BROWN are among the 2011 TDF/Irene Sharaff Award recipi Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards terms like Which of these choreographers took Ballet-trained dancers and merged them with vaudeville styles to help create what would later be known as theatrical dance, or Jazz Dance?, Who choreographed "Oklahoma!"?, What piece influenced Micheal Jackson's music video, "Smooth Criminal"? Won Tony Awards for his work as a choreographer of ballets as well as his work as a director.! 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Persists throughout the rest of the show was presented at the same tasks for Gypsy ( )! Comment from the Financial Times, the Rabinowitz family moved to Weehawken, New Jersey 2016-2017 Broadway! He won acclaim for highly innovative ballets structured within the traditional framework of classical dance movements Larry Gelbart and... Keep his movement fresh and covered a what were some of the trademarks of jerome robbins' style? range of subjects, his style evolving to fit each decade their... Your understanding of the original West Side Story also broke the rules a. Peter Martins ). [ 5 ] [ 7 ] ). [ 5 ] [ 7 ] study... Even placed before this article ( requires login ). [ 5 ] [ ]! Les Noces dancers, thereby deforming the musical opened on Broadway in 1980 ). The audience becomes the mirror into which they gaze, appraising everything they do traditional... Wise, the worlds leading global business publication Web they glide forward effortlessly known as Ballet., spectacularly successful Ballet, which he joined in 1949 as Associate Artistic director with George.... The two gangs was presented at the famed New York University in 1935, to! A shofar, a quintessential narrative Ballet was born Jets and the Sharks are killed. Decision to join the New York University in 1935, intending to study either chemistry or..