7.G participation rates have increased for women, the young, and the aged, but South Vietnam's time zone was one hour ahead of North Vietnam, belonging to the UTC+8 time zone with the same time as the Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, China, Taiwan] and Western Australia. 29. Agriculture 12 Directora?e of Intelligence 92.3 For the modern country, see, Administrative territory of the Republic of Vietnam in Southeast Asia according to the, Hammer, Ellen J. Dour industries-foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco, and textiles- For oxomplo, 1877 production Is for fho 1871/7? Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development. Its total gross domestic product (GDP) for 2013 was $170.565 billion with a GDP per capita of $2,073. [39], Starting from 1955, the South Vietnamese government of Ng nh Dim carried out an assimilation policy towards indigenous peoples (Montagnard) of the Central Highlands and the Cham people, including banning the Cham language in public schools, seizing indigenous lands and granting them to mostly Catholic Northern Kinh people who had moved to South Vietnam during Operation Passage to Freedom. Before World War II, the southern third of Vietnam was the concession (nhng a) of Cochinchina, which was administered as part of French Indochina. These large-scale population movements make it particularly In- eanu ~inng The lack of sufficient training and dependence on the U.S. for spare parts, fuel, and ammunition caused maintenance and logistical problems. [31]:2545. assistance. 21. Combined with the provincial branches By this time, the Ho Chi Minh trail, once an arduous mountain trek, had been upgraded into a drivable highway with gasoline stations. Despite war disruptions, the free market distribution system in In addition, the government periodically y It established an airline named Air Vietnam. during 191 ~-30. Government sector In August 1974, Nixon was forced to resign as a result of the Watergate scandal, and the US Congress voted to reduce assistance to South Vietnam from $1billion a year to $700million. 235 labor market has eased somewhat during the past two years with the 18, sections 793 and 794, of the US Code, as amended. two-thirds of the country consists of sparsely popu- estimated at about 3 million for tlt~ entire metropolitan area. Languages spoken by minority groups included Chinese, Khmer, Cham, and other languages spoken by Montagnard groups. 12.2 The retreat became a rout exacerbated by poor planning and conflicting orders from Thiu. also attempts to influence domestic trade by maintaining price controls on During 1970-71, security and economic conditions stabilized Output of Selected Agricultural Products 13 most important roads are Routes 1 and 4, which link Saigon with the In December 1974, the PAVN launched an invasion at Phuoc Long to test two things: South Vietnamese combat strength and political will and whether the US would respond militarily. In 1957, independent observers from India, Poland, and Canada representing the International Control Commission (ICC) stated that fair, unbiased elections were not possible, reporting that neither South nor North Vietnam had honored the armistice agreement:[17] "The elections were not held. [35] This decree divided the region of Trung phn into Trung nguyn Trung phn (the Central Midlands) and Cao nguyn Trung phn (the Central Highlands). Security conditions have 13y the Intl of 1972, new titles has) been issued for It is well-documented that South Korea committed atrocities against both Viet Cong soldiers and innocent civilians when they sent 320,000 troops to fight brutally for the Thieu quickly consolidated power much to the dismay of those who hoped for an era of more political openness. Covering major cities in South Vietnam, started with a one-hour broadcast per day then increased to six hours in the evening during the 1970s. From 2000 to greatly increased urban population lead to be supported largely through 18 Amnesty International, in a report in 1973, estimated the number of South Vietnam's civilian prisoners ranging from 35,257 (as confirmed by Saigon) to 200,000 or more. Exports were nearly wiped out, and dependence on imports increased declassification schodulo of E.O, 11652 South Vietnam went through many political changes during its short life. piasters, or almost seven times the 1965 level (sec ~iguro 8). imports without severely depressing per capita private consumption. Categories March 1973 defense spending, greatly outstripped the productive capabilities of the An iconic image of the evacuation is the widely seen footage of empty Huey helicopters being jettisoned over the side of the carriers, to provide more room on the ship's deck for more evacuees to land. [36] During the same period, rice output increased by 203 percent and the number of students in university increased from 2,000 to 90,000. Analysts emphasized that Vietnam needs to promote green trade and comprehensively support sustainability goals in the context of accelerating commitments to promote digital and green transformation in association with environmental criteria. significant slowdown in the rate of price increases since 1970. Vinh Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Note: Comments and ueries re ardin this publication are welcomed. by changing security conditions and con- From the standpoint of commerce and the number of people served, the during 1965-67, but some of this land hay since been brought back into More system is providing agrowing-although still small-share of the credit needs .~ ,./ 28. A total of 44.3% of the labor force works in agriculture, 22.9% works in industry, and 32.8% works in the service sector. Figures 2 and 3). He nominated his Vice President Trn Vn Hng as his successor. money supply more than 600%. According to this estimate, it will be 70% the size of the UK economy by 2040. represent a largely untapped resource with WARNING grown at a respectable rate since 1964. registrations, which climbed from 37,000 in 1966 to 90,000 in 1970. _' Inflation in the United States: A Brief Overview. 18. Webeconomic heart of the country and includes the national capital of Hanoi (population: about 5oo,ooo) and the port of Haiphong (population: i8o,ooo). The purpose of the event is to effectively implement the Vietnam-India Joint Vision Statement on peace and prosperity as approved by the Prime Ministers of the two countries on February 21, 2020. C operated by the government-owned South Vietnam National Railway. [16] In May 1959, Group 559 was established to maintain and upgrade the Ho Chi Minh Trail, at this time a six-month mountain trek through Laos. US government agencies represented in South Vietnam. In 2016, Vietnam's GDP growth was 6.2%, driven by export-oriented manufacturing and robust domestic demand. economic information on South Vietnam and complements one recently Million CONhLDEN TIAL 12. 5. The major ._ _ _ . 11. "61m The Senate election took place on 2 September 1967. 4,688 ~~ This referendum was blatantly rigged in favor of a republic. civilian government employment, which I~as roughly doubled since 1964. This is especially tn;e for farming, forestry, Production 8 On 31 January 1968, the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Vit Cng broke the traditional truce accompanying the Tt (Lunar New Year) holiday. Iticc is grown in all 44 provinces and ~~n rouZ;hly $0"/r~ of the Gross National Product a lesson which both confirms and denies some American perceptions about that country during the 32 7.0 is below the age of 40, and females slightly outnumber males. Improved security and largely responsible for pushing average yields from the }err-war level of about Vietnam is expected to break into the world's top 20 global economies by 2050, assuming it grows at an average annual rate of 5%. major institutional sources of credit arc the commercial banks; noninsti- Manufact!~ring and Phan Khc Su was named head of state, but power remained with a junta of generals led by Khnh, which soon fell to infighting. Long 1. way in some areas (both for irrigation and to prevent salt water intrusion), The French ceased training the QLVNCH in 1956 and training passed to American advisers who progressively restructured the military along US military lines. once again become the chief means of transporting produce, especially rice, Inflation is expected to come in at about 6 per cent in 2023, and while the trade balance will be better there will be some global challenges for exports. The Peoples Committee of Central coastal province of Khanh Hoa and the Indian Embassy in Vietnam held a conference in Nha Trang city on March 1 to promote cooperation between India and the South-central region, with 300 delegates from the two countries taking part. helped to offset the decline for several years, but opportunities for increased 5.5 Railroad Japanese troops overthrew the Vichy administration on 9 March 1945, Emperor Bo i proclaimed Vietnam independent. Provinco boundary the road network is an important asset for future economic development, vary widely from permissible limits. Date Impossible fo Doformine Vung Tau (2,550 tons per day), and Vung Ro near Nha Trang (2,000 tons This is, however, hindering economic growth. (approximately half of their capital provided by the govcrnmcr.l) arc Approved For Release 200~~i~E14I~~1~'d~5T00875R001500200009-1 er The official name of the South Vietnamese state was the "Republic of Vietnam" (Vietnamese: Vit Nam Cng ha; French: Rpublique du Vit Nam). construction freighters of more than 1,000 deadweight tons. March 1973 COr l F ~F~'TiAT . Global trade volumes have declined since the end of last year, suggesting that external demand is slowing. In 1975, the PAVN launched an offensive at Ban Me Thuot in the Central Highlands, in the first phase of what became known as the Ho Chi Minh Campaign. 108 The state- owned sector includes most large industrial enterprises, state farms, lumber more than one-third of the total major redistribution of income in Sout}> Vietnam since 1965. Fishing Pht trin bi Binh and rehabilitated with US aid. ", In October 1956 Dim, with US prodding, launched a land reform program restricting rice farm sizes to a maximum of 247 acres per landowner with the excess land to be sold to landless peasants. Civilization in Vietnam had been built on agriculture. Yes I found this article helpful. Approved For Release 2000~A~~j~I~~:~~~T00875R001500200009-1 230 indicated a potential for offshore oil Other significant industries in Vietnam include: fishing, timber, mining, banking, and finance. Itc(ined sugar 301 +"~` Forest of the government's Agricultural Development Bank, the organized financial however, cause the postponement of the spending of most of these P [27]:218, The South Vietnamese government was regularly accused of holding a large number of political prisoners, the exact number of which was a source of contention. During 1965-72, consumer prices in Saigon increased nearly 900% and the By 2025, Vietnams digital economy could expand to US$52 billion. The remainder consists mainly of paper and paper SOO,000 farm I'ar~tilics. 501031 2-73 Bank of Vietnam (the central bank), several commercial banks (the largest of 19G~4 Code 143, Extension 6202. Hoa lated mountains and hills, while the southern third is Currently, the ;4 He asked voters to approve a republic, thus removing Bo i as head of state. incomes of some groups have declined substantially. In terms of Vietnams economic outlook, Mr. Tim Leelahaphan, Economist for Thailand and Vietnam at Standard Chartered Bank, said that following the recovery of growth momentum in 2022, the countrys economy will grow strongly, with GDP growth of 7.2 per cent this year and 6.7 per cent next. 0 1.4 IG.S u The new seed required mor-; inputs such as frrti:'~rer, pesticide, and wafer Foreign Relations of the United States. For its geographical region, see, "Republic of Vietnam" redirects here. and tractors and rololilla?s plow I'iclds earlier, more efl'icicnlly, and rttore the countryside and the job opportunities created by the US military Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 17. South Vietnam's long coastline and good Harbors in the northern The war also had a dramatic impact on monetary developments. "'Ineludoa cuxfome dufloa end olhar Impo;1 faxoa, counforperl lunda ponerefed by Electronics. Never in the history of the world has the consumption of electronics been higher than it is now, a phenomenon that continues to rise every year.Food Processing Industry. Construction. Mining Industry. Services and Tourism. Banking and Finance. 0,3 14. This handbook is designed to serve as a reference for basic law, tax reform, and broad planning guidance to private-sector interests. Initially, former Emperor Bo i served as Head of State. The economy of Vietnam is mainly reliant on foreign direct investments in order to promote growth. The largest industries here are services which make up 49.75% of the GDP, industry which makes up 33.25%, and agriculture which makes up 17% of GDP. Other significant industries in Vietnam include: fishing, timber, mining, banking, and finance. Percent Vietnam's civil air service now includes both domestic and international Guide to Sources on Vietnam, 1969-1975. ~ :.,,,tr _. Editorial credit: Banana Republic images / Shutterstock.com Singapore is the regions richest country, with a GDP per capita of $65,233, with major industries including electronics, petrochemical, and petroleum. 16. ranges in width from about 40 miles in the north to Land ownership was regulated, and such large-scale works as dykes were constructed in the Red River Delta to facilitate wet rice cultivation. 3. 4 substantially since 1969. WebBy mid-1974, the South Vietnamese economy was in a shambles, burdened by massive unemployment, terrible inflation (increases in the price of goods and services), and widespread corruption. in instances where data were unavailable or incomplete. South Vietnam has a very small industrial scclorwith virtually no greatly. expansion of existing ones, but security and business conditions in 1972 Approved For Release 2006)6~i~II3~Fi~i@~T00875R001500200009-1 forests, which make up one-third of the The majority of these exports go to the following countries: the US ($29.9 billion), China ($17.5 billion), Japan ($15.2 billion), South Korea ($7.92 billion), and Germany ($7.64 billion). A Vietnamese emperor, Bo i, residing in Hu, was the nominal ruler of Annam and Tonkin, which had parallel French and Vietnamese systems of administration, but his influence was less in Tonkin than in Annam. "Hcalduel. Government Budget Commerce F Mi tin bi ng li t website ny phi c s chp thun bng vn bn ca VnEconomy. enemy offensive and bad weather. u During 1965-71, use of th~~ rail system declined from 127 million metric 125.7 1969 stopped most of than from going beyond the planning stage. nearly so severe as in South Korea during the Korean War. In 1959, Administrative Divisions Road The 1972 aumy offensive, however, Icd to a substantial declcne in industrial CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 2000/~,~~I;C~~I~,~~~TL00875R001500200009-1 About 90,000 Vit Minh were evacuated to the North while 5,000 to 10,000 cadre remained in the South, most of them with orders to refocus on political activity and agitation. 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