Hello World Index Capabilities Simple, clean syntax that is well suited for people new to programming or test-automation All-in-one framework that includes parallel-execution, HTML reports, environment-switching, and CI integration But we recommend that you do this only if you are sure that these routines are needed in almost all *.feature files. Cucumber has a concept of Scenario Outlines where you can re-use a set of data-driven steps and assertions, and the data can be declared in a very user-friendly fashion. When using call (or callonce), only one argument is allowed. One thing you need to get used to is the separation between the code that is evaluated by Karate and the JavaScript that is sent to the browser (as a raw string) and evaluated. { This below declares that the native (direct) Chrome integration should be used, on both Mac OS and Windows - from the default installed location. The DockerTarget implementation has an example and you can find more details here. This results in easily understandable one-liners, only at the point of need, and to anyone reading the test - it will be clear as to where extra waits have been applied. So even if your next step is the ENTER key, you can do this: Karate will do the best it can to detect a page change and wait for the load to complete before proceeding to any step that follows. to avoid constant failures due to loading animations), """ Git) to ignore karate-config-*.js if needed. You can use karate.abort() like so: Using karate.abort() will not fail the test. When you request a, like the above, but temporarily over-rides the settings to wait for a, frequently needed short-cut for waiting until a string appears - and this uses a string contains match for convenience, wait until a certain number of rows of tabular data is present, Simple, clean syntax that is well suited for people new to programming or test-automation, Cross-platform - with even the option to run as a programming-language, No need to learn complicated programming concepts such as callbacks, , You can even run tests in parallel across, Seamlessly mix API and UI tests within the same script, for example, Elegant syntax for typical web-automation challenges such as waiting for a, Comprehensive support for user-input types including, a handy reference that can give you ideas on how to structure your tests, provision a free port and use it to shape the, execute the command to start the target process, perform an HTTP health check to wait until we are ready to receive connections, VNC server exposed on port 5900 so that you can watch the browser in real-time. If you are familiar with Cucumber (JVM), you may be wondering if you need to write step-definitions. XML and XPath works just like youd expect. You should be able to run tests in parallel with ease ! A very useful capability is to be able to check that an array contains an object that contains the provided sub-set of keys instead of having to specify the complete JSON - which can get really cumbersome for large objects. Note how even tags to exclude (or include) can be specified: Note that any Feature or Scenario with the special @ignore tag will be skipped by default. Any valid XPath expression is allowed on the left-hand-side of a match statement. This example uses contains and the #? you can use pure JsonPath expressions (notice how this is different from the above), # and even append to json arrays (or create them automatically), # and for match - the order of keys does not matter, # you can ignore fields marked with '#ignore', # you can even set whole fragments of xml, """ You can easily do this via karate.set('someVarName', value). The webDriverUrl driver configuration key is optional, but if specified, will be used as the W3C WebDriver remote server. The built-in driver JS object is where you script UI automation. var SimpleDateFormat = Java.type('java.text.SimpleDateFormat'); To visually highlight an element in the browser, especially useful when working in the debugger. You can use callonce instead of call within the Background in case you have multiple Scenario sections or Examples. But note that you can use the negative form of a tag selector: ~@region=GB. The call keyword provides an alternate way of calling JavaScript functions that have only one argument. Remove elements from a list in karate? You can start a Driver instance programmatically and perform actions and assertions like this: You can find the complete example here. Karate is an external domain-specific language based on Gherkin language to create API, Web UI, and Desktop UI tests. You can even mix domain and conditional validations and perform all assertions in a single step. To use Playwright, you need to start a Playwright server. Here is a real-life example combined with the use of retry(): If you have more than two locators you need to wait for, use the single-argument-as-array form, like this: Returns an Element (instead of exists() which returns a boolean). Here below is an example that also demonstrates using the multipart/related content-type. Note how Karates match syntax comes in handy. Just triggers a click event on the DOM element: You can use this for plain-vanilla boxes that have not been overly enhanced by JavaScript. We will discuss the Karate API, UI Automation, and g. Theres a lot going on in the last line above ! JSON arrays), see, convenient for the common case of transforming an array of primitives into an array of objects, see, useful to merge the key-values of two (or more) JSON (or map-like) objects, see. You simply roll your own. to save space and speed up report loading), * configure imageComparison = { hideUiOnSuccess, # ignore areas of an image (e.g. Embedded expressions are useful when you have complex JSON read from files, because you can auto-replace (or even remove) data-elements with values dynamically evaluated from variables. Note that this example only does a string equals check on parts of the JSON, but with Karate you are always encouraged to match the entire payload in one step. Refer to the section on XPath Functions for examples of advanced XPath usage. The default is 30000 (30 seconds). The Element API has getters for the following properties: This can be convenient in some cases, for example as an alternative to Friendly Locators. 1. . Note that more builder methods are available from the Runner.Builder class such as reportDir() etc. auth tokens) only once for all of your tests. Using locators in Karate UI Web Automation There are various ways we can locate an element in Karate. Heres a reminder that running any single JUnit test via Maven can be done by: Where CatsRunner is the JUnit class name (in any package) you wish to run. return 'this text will be displayed above the image comparison config\n' + customConfigJson Separate Scenario-s that can run in parallel are encouraged. The Cucumber JSON format can be also emitted, which gives you plenty of options for generating pretty reports using third-party maven plugins. There are a few situations where this comes in handy: As a convenience, you can omit the eval keyword and so you can shorten the above to: This is very convenient especially if you are calling a method on a variable that has been defined such as the karate object, and for general-purpose scripting needs such as UI automation. When using Playwright you can omit this in which case Karate will default to Chrome (within Playwright) and the default browser window size. But the recommended way is to use the karateEnv(name, value) or systemProperty(name, value) API on the parallel-runner. For example, it offers API testing, API testing doubles, and API performance testing all in one framework. Karate supports the following functional-style operations via the JS API - karate.map(), karate.filter() and karate.forEach(). For example, where it is easy (or you already have a reference) to locate some element and you want to use that as a base to perform something on some other element which may not have a unique id or css / XPath locator. This will always hold the contents of the response as a byte-array. You can always use a JavaScript function or call Java for more complex logic. Karate is an open-source API (SOAP & REST) testing automation tool written in Java. Karates approach frees you from Maven, is far more expressive, allows you to eyeball all environments in one place, and is still a plain-text file. } Because of how easy it is to set HTTP headers, Karate does not provide any special keywords for things like the Accept header. Path is a keyword in karate. In such cases, you can always fall-back to a waitForUrl() or a more generic waitFor(). Karate Test Automation Made Simple. The function argument is the row-index, so you can easily determine when to stop the generation of data. This provides the following methods: In any complex testing endeavor, you would find yourself needing common code that needs to be re-used across multiple test scripts. German or ISO-8859-15. Refer to karate.tags and karate.tagValues. This will create a folder called myproject (or whatever you set the name to). On the other hand, if you are expecting a variable in the Background to be modified by one Scenario so that later ones can see the updated value - that is not how you should think of them, and you should combine your flow into one scenario. Emulating a device is supported natively only by type: chrome. So most of the time this would be sufficient: Since it will result in the following request to the WebDriver /session: But in some cases, especially when you need to talk to remote driver instances, you need to pass specific shapes of JSON expected by the particular implementation - or you may need to pass custom data or extension properties. Karate an Open source framework developed by Karatelabs has made Test Automation simple and unified for both API testing and UI Automation using Gherkins. Note the inline use of the read function as a short-cut above. This is a core feature and does not depend on JUnit, Maven or Gradle. Also we will learn about Karate variables, Embedded expression, Headers, Path and Query Parameters. But use wisely, because called scripts will now over-write variables that may have been already defined. And it is worth mentioning that the Karate configuration bootstrap routine is itself a JavaScript function. Also note that match contains any is possible for JSON objects as well as JSON arrays. It is also very useful when we want to run our feature files with some conditions using tags or we want to run specific feature file, all things are control by TestRunner class. Since paths are expected at the end of the command-line options - if you want to only over-ride tags, use the = sign to make argument values clear. Also note how the Background will run 4 times (twice per Scenario). It is always start with Question mark (?). Create Karate Framework Sample Project Step 1: Open Eclipse Step 2: File > New > Maven Project Step 3: Provide the project details and create project Step 4:Add Maven dependencies in pom.xml Karate core Karate Apache Karate Junit4 Step 5:Saved the Project. entityState: "ACTIVE" You dont have to compile code. function (config, downloadLatestFn) { Tech, Java, IT Project Manager. Do note that if you choose the Java API, you will naturally lose some of the test-automation framework benefits such as HTML reports, parallel execution and JavaScript / configuration. Since this is a frequently asked question, the different ways of being able to re-use code (or data) are summarized below. { Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. It will be initialized only after the driver keyword has been used to navigate to a web-page (or application). As a rule of thumb, prefer match over assert, because match failure messages are more detailed and descriptive. The syntax is similar to def but instead of a named variable, you update configuration. return results.size() == 2 ? """, # note how we returned an array from the above when the condition was met, # and now we can use the results like normal. Something worth mentioning here is that you would hardly need to use assert in your test scripts. Since waitFor() returns an Element instance on which you can call chained methods, this can be the pattern you use, which is very convenient and readable: Rarely used - but accepts multiple arguments for those tricky situations where a particular element may or may not be present in the page. jbang is a great way for you to install and execute scripts that use Karates Java API on any machine with minimal setup. The most important part of this payload is the capabilities. This will return all elements that match the locator as a list of Element instances. status: '#number? The websocket URL will look like this: ws://127.0.0.1:4444/0e0bd1c0bb2d4eb550d02c91046dd6e0. Make sure you configure your source code management system (e.g. Billie // trigger download of latest image with custom file name And you can even handle asynchronous flows such as listening to message-queues. In May 2020 it moved up to trial. For example if you want to get only the cells out of a that contain the text data you can do this: Note that the JS in this case is run by Karate not the browser, so you use the Java String.contains() API not the JavaScript String.includes() one. Since Karate combines API testing capabilities, you can sign-in to your SSO store via a REST end-point, and then drop cookies onto the browser so that you can bypass the user log-in experience. The dry run report is useful to review the tag coverage of what will be run. It is based on Cucumber and uses the Gherkin Syntax. Step 2: Add Cucumber plugin in Eclipse > Restart eclipse. Modifying existing JSON and XML is natively supported by Karate via the set keyword, and replace is primarily intended for dealing with raw strings. Note that all the short-cut forms on the right-side of the table resolve to equality (==) matches, which enables them to be in-lined into a full (single-step) payload match, using embedded expressions. You can experiment for yourself (probably depending on the size of your test-automation team) if this leads to any appreciable benefits, because the down-side is that you need to keep switching between 2 files - when writing and maintaining tests. Step 5: Now we can run this TestRunner class as JUnit. However, unlike Cucumber, tests aren't written in Java and are fully described in the Gherkin file. Karate was based on Cucumber-JVM until version 0.8.0 but the parser and engine were re-written from scratch in 0.9.0 onwards. And you dont need to line-up an assortment of shell-scripts to do all these things. Since multiple values are supported, you can also do this: A little-known capability of the Cucumber / Gherkin syntax is to be able to tag even specific rows in a bunch of examples ! You need to call a method on the driver object directly. Here is an example of what is possible: Not something you would commonly use, but in some cases you need to disable Karates default behavior of attempting to parse anything that looks like JSON (or XML) when using multi-line / string expressions. # we compose a function using another function (the one above), """ Note that a single JS function is sufficient to transform a given JSON object into a completely new one, and you can use complex conditional logic if needed. countryId: '#number', B efore to start talking, How I have learned and show an example How to connect on database with Karate Framework, let me introduce It. scriptAll() can take a third argument which has to be a JavaScript predicate function, that returns a boolean true or false. The rare need to double-click is supported as a doubleClick() method: Closes the browser. get metadata about the currently executing feature within a test, functional-style filter operation useful to filter list-like objects (e.g. You can read more about the Given-When-Then convention at the Cucumber reference documentation. Once defined, you can refer to a variable by name. If the second HTTP call above expects headers to be set by my-headers.js - which in turn depends on the authToken variable being updated, you will need to duplicate the line * configure headers = read('classpath:my-headers.js') from the caller feature here as well. subType: You can easily get the value of the current environment or profile, and then set up global variables using some simple JavaScript. Use it sparingly, and only for string, number or simple payload comparisons. You can do this. This does the same thing as the timeout key in the driver config - but is designed so that you can change this on the fly, during the flow of a test. You could even have all the steps start with When and Karate wont care. In some rare cases, for e.g. Since a SOAP request needs special handling, this is the only case where the method step is not used to actually fire the request to the server. Just like script(), but will perform the script eval() on all matching elements (not just the first) - and return the results as a JSON array / list. An additional-level of auto-conversion happens when objects cross the boundary between JS and Java. There may be cases where you want to suppress this to make the reports lighter and easier to read. Assuming the above code is in a file called my-headers.js, the next section on calling other feature files shows how it looks like in action at the beginning of a test script. You can use print to log variables to the console in the middle of a script. A good example of where you may need this is if you programmatically write a file to the target folder, and then you can read it like this: Take a look at the Karate Demos for real-life examples of how you can use files for validating HTTP responses, like this one: read-files.feature. In rare cases you may want to suppress the default of Scenario-s executing in parallel and the special tag @parallel=false can be used. Powerful JSON & XML assertions are built-in, and you can run tests in parallel for speed. They use JSON to build the relevant parts of the HTTP request. For convenience, Karate assumes by default that the executable name is playwright and that it exists in the System PATH. Here are some examples: Take a look at how to loop and transform data for more ideas. Note that you would typically want to use the @ignore tag for such cases. See the section on reading files - and also this example dynamic-csv.feature, which shows off the convenience of dynamic Scenario Outline-s. See this other example for more ideas: dsl.feature. (not) operator is especially useful for contains and JSON arrays. You can imagine how you could evolve a nice set of utilities that validate all your domain objects. Although rarely needed, variable references or expressions are also supported: This is a shortcut to assert the HTTP response code. So it is recommended that you directly use a Java Function when possible instead of using the karate.toJava() wrapper as shown above. The following short-cut is also supported which will disable all logs: When you use a re-usable feature that has commonly used utilities, you may want to hide this completely from the HTML reports. And steps that follow should logically be in the Then form. Use this for multipart content items that dont have field-names. Instantiating a Java class and using this in a test is easy (see example): Since karate-config.js is processed for every Scenario, you can use a singleton instead of calling new every time. a The nice thing here is that it returns a Driver instance, so you can chain any other method and the intent will be clear. Look at multipart entity for an example. Here below is the equivalent of the above, done the hard way: The built-in DockerTarget is a good example of how to: Controlling this flow from Java can take a lot of complexity out your build pipeline and keep things cross-platform. And this assertion will cause the test to fail if the HTTP response code is something else. For advanced examples, refer to some of the scenarios within this demo: dynamic-params.feature. This is best explained in this example: copy.feature. We need to use assertion to validate the response data. Just re-fresh your browser window if you re-run the test. 1+ years experience with Jira . If this is the first instance in a test, this step also initializes the driver instance for all subsequent steps - using what is configured. Gherkin has a great way to sprinkle meta-data into test-scripts - which gives you some interesting options when running tests in bulk. Set a cookie. Note that Content-Type had to be enclosed in quotes in the JSON above because the - (hyphen character) would cause problems otherwise. Another (simple) example of a custom Target you can use as a reference is this one: karate-devicefarm-demo - which demonstrates how Karate can be used to drive tests on AWS DeviceFarm. For example instead of: When it comes to JavaBean getters and setters, you could call them directly, but the driver.propertyName form is much better to read, and you save the trouble of typing out round brackets. If you find yourself needing a complex helper or utility function, we strongly recommend that you use Java because it is much easier to maintain and even debug if needed. Karate has a very useful payload templating approach. The JavaScript interpreter will try to convert types across Java and JavaScript as smartly as possible. For convenience, some stats are logged to the console when execution completes, which should look something like this: The parallel runner will always run Feature-s in parallel. Only one JSON argument is allowed, but this does not limit you in any way as you can use any complex JSON structure. myInt + ''), in some rare cases, you may need to convert a string to a number. So the only way to call this Scenario is by using the karate.setup() JS API. The rest can also be used even in primitive data matches like so: If two cross-hatch # symbols are used as the prefix (for example: ##number), it means that the key is optional or that the value can be null. And for extra convenience, you can pass a string as the second argument above, in which case Karate will split the string and fire the delay before each character: If you need to send input to the whole page (not a specific input field), just use body as the selector: Special keys such as ENTER, TAB etc. Launching K-Flow Model API workflows using an intuitive, drag-and-drop, no code experience leading to powerful API documentation. Also see waits. """, * configure imageComparison = { onShowConfig, # don't embed the image comparison UI when the latest image is the same / similar to the baseline (e.g. So if you take the previous folder structure example, you can do this on the command-line: Here, AnimalsTest is the name of the Java class we designated to run the multiple *.feature files that make up your test-suite. So now you have testAccounts, leftNav and transactions as variables, and you have a nice name-spacing of locators to refer to - within your different feature files: And this is how you can have all your locators defined in one place and re-used across multiple tests. params, headers, cookies, form fields, multipart fields and multipart files take a single JSON argument (which can be in-line or a variable reference), and this enables certain types of dynamic data-driven testing, especially because any JSON key with a null value will be ignored. Karate provides a far more simpler and more powerful way than JSON-schema to validate the structure of a given payload. This is useful when you want to express a one-off lengthy snippet of text in-line, without having to split it out into a separate file. Final word, Bookmark this post Karate Frameworkfor future reference. You can then skip the next few sections, as the pom.xml, recommended directory structure, sample test and JUnit 5 runners - will be created for you. See waitForUrl() instead of submit(). In this Karate Framework Tutorial, We are going to create the Own Karate API Testing Automation Framework, We will use the Person APIs (with JSON Server). The static method com.intuit.karate.Runner.runFeature() is best explained in this demo unit-test: JavaApiTest.java. return a pretty-printed, nicely indented string representation of the JSON value, also see: return a pretty-printed, nicely indented string representation of the XML value, also see: get the value of any Java system-property by name, useful for, returns a JSON array of integers (inclusive), the optional third argument must be a positive integer and defaults to 1, and if start < end the order of values is reversed, very rarely used - when needing to perform conditional removal of JSON keys or XML nodes. And since you can easily extend Karate using JavaScript, there is no need to compile Java code any more. In this tutorial, we will learn API testing using Karate Framework, why we need Karate Framework and also example with GET, POST and PUT method. Now it should be clear how Karate makes it easy to express JSON or XML. lastUpdated: { on: "#ignore" }, Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. - Karate is BDD testing framework - Developer by Peter Thomas in 2017 (intuit). Simple, clean syntax that is well suited for people new to programming or test-automation. Bdd testing framework - Developer by Peter Thomas in 2017 ( intuit ) def but instead of submit )! But use wisely, because called scripts will now over-write variables that may have been already.. Java and are fully described in the last line above HTTP headers Path... 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